4.2 메모리 분석(feat. Volatility)

이제 수집한 메모리 이미지를 volatility라는 도구를 사용해서 분석해보자

 

다운로드 : 

Volatility 2.6 Release

 

volatility는 파이썬으로 작성된 메모리 포렌식 프레임워크이며 Window, mac, linux에서도 실행할 수 있다. 독립 실행 파일(standalone executable)을 사용하면 파이썬 2.7인터프리터와 의존성이 함께 묶여있기 때문에 따로 파이썬 인터프리터를 설치하거나 의존성을 고려하지 않고 빠르게 실행할 수 있다.

 

volatility option : 

C:\Users\sec\Desktop\forensic_tool\MEM>vol_2.6.exe -h
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6
Usage: Volatility - A memory forensics analysis platform.

Options:
  -h, --help            list all available options and their default values.
                        Default values may be set in the configuration file
                        (/etc/volatilityrc)
  --conf-file=.volatilityrc
                        User based configuration file
  -d, --debug           Debug volatility
  --plugins=PLUGINS     Additional plugin directories to use (semi-colon
                        separated)
  --info                Print information about all registered objects
  --cache-directory=C:\Users\sec/.cache\volatility
                        Directory where cache files are stored
  --cache               Use caching
  --tz=TZ               Sets the (Olson) timezone for displaying timestamps
                        using pytz (if installed) or tzset
  -f FILENAME, --filename=FILENAME
                        Filename to use when opening an image
  --profile=WinXPSP2x86
                        Name of the profile to load (use --info to see a list
                        of supported profiles)
  -l LOCATION, --location=LOCATION
                        A URN location from which to load an address space
  -w, --write           Enable write support
  --dtb=DTB             DTB Address
  --shift=SHIFT         Mac KASLR shift address
  --output=text         Output in this format (support is module specific, see
                        the Module Output Options below)
  --output-file=OUTPUT_FILE
                        Write output in this file
  -v, --verbose         Verbose information
  -g KDBG, --kdbg=KDBG  Specify a KDBG virtual address (Note: for 64-bit
                        Windows 8 and above this is the address of
                        KdCopyDataBlock)
  --force               Force utilization of suspect profile
  -k KPCR, --kpcr=KPCR  Specify a specific KPCR address
  --cookie=COOKIE       Specify the address of nt!ObHeaderCookie (valid for
                        Windows 10 only)

        Supported Plugin Commands:

                amcache         Print AmCache information
                apihooks        Detect API hooks in process and kernel memory
                atoms           Print session and window station atom tables
                atomscan        Pool scanner for atom tables
                auditpol        Prints out the Audit Policies from HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\PolAdtEv
                bigpools        Dump the big page pools using BigPagePoolScanner
                bioskbd         Reads the keyboard buffer from Real Mode memory
                cachedump       Dumps cached domain hashes from memory
                callbacks       Print system-wide notification routines
                clipboard       Extract the contents of the windows clipboard
                cmdline         Display process command-line arguments
                cmdscan         Extract command history by scanning for _COMMAND_HISTORY
                connections     Print list of open connections [Windows XP and 2003 Only]
                connscan        Pool scanner for tcp connections
                consoles        Extract command history by scanning for _CONSOLE_INFORMATION
                crashinfo       Dump crash-dump information
                deskscan        Poolscaner for tagDESKTOP (desktops)
                devicetree      Show device tree
                dlldump         Dump DLLs from a process address space
                dlllist         Print list of loaded dlls for each process
                driverirp       Driver IRP hook detection
                drivermodule    Associate driver objects to kernel modules
                driverscan      Pool scanner for driver objects
                dumpcerts       Dump RSA private and public SSL keys
                dumpfiles       Extract memory mapped and cached files
                dumpregistry    Dumps registry files out to disk
                editbox         Displays information about Edit controls. (Listbox experimental.)
                envars          Display process environment variables
                eventhooks      Print details on windows event hooks
                evtlogs         Extract Windows Event Logs (XP/2003 only)
                filescan        Pool scanner for file objects
                gahti           Dump the USER handle type information
                gditimers       Print installed GDI timers and callbacks
                gdt             Display Global Descriptor Table
                getservicesids  Get the names of services in the Registry and return Calculated SID
                getsids         Print the SIDs owning each process
                handles         Print list of open handles for each process
                hashdump        Dumps passwords hashes (LM/NTLM) from memory
                hibinfo         Dump hibernation file information
                hivedump        Prints out a hive
                hivelist        Print list of registry hives.
                hivescan        Pool scanner for registry hives
                hpakextract     Extract physical memory from an HPAK file
                hpakinfo        Info on an HPAK file
                idt             Display Interrupt Descriptor Table
                iehistory       Reconstruct Internet Explorer cache / history
                imagecopy       Copies a physical address space out as a raw DD image
                imageinfo       Identify information for the image
                impscan         Scan for calls to imported functions
                joblinks        Print process job link information
                kdbgscan        Search for and dump potential KDBG values
                kpcrscan        Search for and dump potential KPCR values
                ldrmodules      Detect unlinked DLLs
                lsadump         Dump (decrypted) LSA secrets from the registry
                machoinfo       Dump Mach-O file format information
                malfind         Find hidden and injected code
                mbrparser       Scans for and parses potential Master Boot Records (MBRs)
                memdump         Dump the addressable memory for a process
                memmap          Print the memory map
                messagehooks    List desktop and thread window message hooks
                mftparser       Scans for and parses potential MFT entries
                moddump         Dump a kernel driver to an executable file sample
                modscan         Pool scanner for kernel modules
                modules         Print list of loaded modules
                multiscan       Scan for various objects at once
                mutantscan      Pool scanner for mutex objects
                notepad         List currently displayed notepad text
                objtypescan     Scan for Windows object type objects
                patcher         Patches memory based on page scans
                poolpeek        Configurable pool scanner plugin
                printkey        Print a registry key, and its subkeys and values
                privs           Display process privileges
                procdump        Dump a process to an executable file sample
                pslist          Print all running processes by following the EPROCESS lists
                psscan          Pool scanner for process objects
                pstree          Print process list as a tree
                psxview         Find hidden processes with various process listings
                qemuinfo        Dump Qemu information
                raw2dmp         Converts a physical memory sample to a windbg crash dump
                screenshot      Save a pseudo-screenshot based on GDI windows
                servicediff     List Windows services (ala Plugx)
                sessions        List details on _MM_SESSION_SPACE (user logon sessions)
                shellbags       Prints ShellBags info
                shimcache       Parses the Application Compatibility Shim Cache registry key
                shutdowntime    Print ShutdownTime of machine from registry
                sockets         Print list of open sockets
                sockscan        Pool scanner for tcp socket objects
                ssdt            Display SSDT entries
                strings         Match physical offsets to virtual addresses (may take a while, VERY verbose)
                svcscan         Scan for Windows services
                symlinkscan     Pool scanner for symlink objects
                thrdscan        Pool scanner for thread objects
                threads         Investigate _ETHREAD and _KTHREADs
                timeliner       Creates a timeline from various artifacts in memory
                timers          Print kernel timers and associated module DPCs
                truecryptmaster Recover TrueCrypt 7.1a Master Keys
                truecryptpassphrase     TrueCrypt Cached Passphrase Finder
                truecryptsummary        TrueCrypt Summary
                unloadedmodules Print list of unloaded modules
                userassist      Print userassist registry keys and information
                userhandles     Dump the USER handle tables
                vaddump         Dumps out the vad sections to a file
                vadinfo         Dump the VAD info
                vadtree         Walk the VAD tree and display in tree format
                vadwalk         Walk the VAD tree
                vboxinfo        Dump virtualbox information
                verinfo         Prints out the version information from PE images
                vmwareinfo      Dump VMware VMSS/VMSN information
                volshell        Shell in the memory image
                windows         Print Desktop Windows (verbose details)
                wintree         Print Z-Order Desktop Windows Tree
                wndscan         Pool scanner for window stations
                yarascan        Scan process or kernel memory with Yara signatures

위에서 볼 수 있듯이 volaitlity는 다양한 정보를 추출할 수 있게 많은 플러그인들로 구성되어 있다.

 

플러그인에 대한 설명은 다음 링크를 참고

volatilityfoundation/volatility

 

보통 다음과 같이 Volatility를 사용한다.

volatility.exe -f <메모리 이미지 파일> --profile=<프로파일> <플러그인> <인자>
python vol.py -f <메모리 이미지 파일> --profile=<프로파일> <플러그인> <인자>

근데 문제는 덤프뜬 메모리 이미지 파일에서 프로파일 값을 어떤 것으로 전달할 지를 모를 수 있다.

그래서 먼저 imageinfo플러그인을 사용해서 덤프뜬 이미지 파일의 프로파일 값을 구한다.

위에서 Suggested Profile(s) 항목에 "Win7SP1x86_23418, Win7SP0x86, Win7SP1x86" 총 3개가 나오는데 이 중에 하나를 사용하면 된다.

 

테스트로 pslist 플러그인을 사용한다고 하면 다음과 같이 profile을 세팅하고 실행하면 된다.

volatility 플러그인 대부분은 윈도우 OS 구조체에서 추출한 정보에 의존하며 이런 구조체는 윈도우 버전에 따라 다르기 때문에 profile을 통해 volatility에게 사용할 데이터 구조, 심벌, 알고리즘을 알려준다.

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플러그인 정리

1) imageinfo : 메모리 덤프 운영체제, 시간 확인(스캔 방식)

2) pslist : 프로세스 리스트 출력(리스트워킹-가상주소)

3) psscan : 프로세스 구조체 스캔 후 출력(패턴매칭-물리주소)

4) pstree : 프로세스 트리 출력(리스트워킹-가상주소)

5) cmdline : 프로세스 실행 명령줄 인자 출력

6) netscan : 네트워크 연결 스캔 후 출력(패턴매칭-물리주소)

7) filescan : 파일 목록 스캔 후 출력(패턴매칭-물리주소)

8) dumpfiles : 스캔 된 파일 추출(물리주소를 인자로 받고, 가상주소를 기반으로 파일을 추출해줌)

9) hivelist : 메모리에 존재하는 하이브파일 목록 출력(가상+물리주소)

10) printkey : 하이브파일 내부에 존재하는 서브키를 검색해줌

 

* 사용순서

1) -> 4) -> 3) -> 5) -> 6)

(나머지는 옵션)

 

플러그인 참고 자료)

The Volatility Framework: Main Page

왼쪽 탭에서 The Volatility Framework -> Classes -> Class List -> volatility -> plugins를 통해 확인

 

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Volatility 사용 참고

'Security/Volatility' 카테고리의 글 목록